Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (31st Edition)
The
authors and publishers are pleased to present the thirty-first edition of
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. The first edition, entitled Harper’s
Biochemistry, was published in 1939 under the sole authorship of Dr Harold
Harper at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco,
California. Presently entitled Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, the book
continues, as originally intended, to provide a concise survey of aspects of
biochemistry most relevant to the study of medicine. Various authors have
contributed to subsequent editions of this medically oriented biochemistry
text, which is now observing its 79th year.
Cover Illustration for the
Thirty-first Edition
The
illustration on the cover of the thirty-first edition, the structure of Zika
virus protein determined at 3.8 Å resolution, was generously prepared and
provided by Lei Sun. The supporting data appeared in: Sirohi D, Chen Z, Sun L,
Klose T, Pierson TC, Rossmann MG, Kuhn RJ: “The 3.8 Å resolution cryo-EM
structure of Zika virus protein”, Science
2016;352:497-470.
Together with the Zika virus, first recovered in the Zika valley of Uganda, the
viruses responsible for yellow fever, West Nile fever, and dengue fever are
members of the Flavivridae family of positive-strand DNA viruses. The cover
illustration indicates the resolving power of cryo-electron microscopy
(cryo-EM). More importantly, it recognizes the medical significance of
infection by the Zika virus, which in pregnant women can result in a
significant risk of congenital microcephaly and associated severe mental
impairment. While Zika virus typically is transmitted by the bite of an
infected mosquito, emerging evidence suggests that under certain conditions the
Zika virus may also be transmitted between human subjects.
Changes in the Thirty-first
Edition
As
always, Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry continues to emphasize the close
relationship of biochemistry to the understanding of diseases, their pathology
and the practice of medicine. The contents of most chapters have been updated
and provide to the reader the most current and pertinent information. Toward
that end, we have replaced Chapter 10
“Bioinformatics
and Computational Biology,” most of whose programs and topics (for example
protein and nucleotide sequence comparisons and in silico approaches in drug
design) are available on line or are now common knowledge. Its replacement, new
Chapter 10 “Biochemistry of Transition Metals,” incorporates material from
several chapters, notably those of blood cells and plasma, which contained
extensive content on metal ion adsorption and trafficking, especially of iron
and copper. Since approximately a third of all proteins are metalloproteins,
new Chapter 10 explicitly addresses the importance and overall pervasiveness of
transition metals. Given the overlap with the topics of protein structure and
of enzyme reaction mechanisms, new Chapter 10 now follows the three chapters on
enzymes as the final chapter in Section II, now renamed Enzymes: Kinetics,
Mechanism, Regulation, & Role of Transition Metals.
Organization of the Book
All
58 chapters of the thirty-first edition place major emphasis on the medical
relevance of biochemistry. Topics are organized under eleven major headings.
Both to assist study and to facilitate retention of the contained information,
Questions follow each Section. An Answer Bank follows the Appendix.
Section
I includes a brief history of biochemistry, and emphasizes the
interrelationships between biochemistry and medicine. Water, the importance of
homeostasis of intracellular pH are reviewed, and the various orders of protein
structure are addressed.
Section
II begins with a chapter on hemoglobin. Four chapters next address the
kinetics, mechanism of action, and metabolic regulation of enzymes, and the
role of metal ions in multiple aspects of intermediary metabolism.
Section
III addresses bioenergetics and the role of high energy phosphates in energy
capture and transfer, the oxidation–reduction reactions involved in biologic
oxidation, and metabolic details of energy capture via the respiratory chain
and oxidative phosphorylation. Section IV considers the metabolism of
carbohydrates via glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the pentose phosphate
pathway, glycogen
metabolism,
gluconeogenesis, and the control of blood glucose. Section V outlines the
nature of simple and complex lipids, lipid transport and storage, the
biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids and more complex lipids, and the
reactions and metabolic regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and transport in
human subjects.
Section
VI discusses protein catabolism, urea biosynthesis, and the catabolism of amino
acids and stresses the medically significant metabolic disorders associated
with their incomplete catabolism. The final chapter considers the biochemistry
of the porphyrins and bile pigments.
Section
VII first outlines the structure and function of nucleotides and nucleic acids,
then details DNA replication and repair, RNA synthesis and modification,
protein synthesis, the principles of recombinant DNA technology, and the regulation
of gene expression.
Section
VIII considers aspects of extracellular and intracellular communication.
Specific topics include membrane structure and function, the molecular bases of
the actions of hormones, and signal transduction.
Sections
IX, X, & XI address fourteen topics of significant medical importance.
Section
IX discusses nutrition, digestion, and absorption, micronutrients including
vitamins free radicals and antioxidants, glycoproteins, the metabolism of
xenobiotics, and clinical biochemistry.
Section
X addresses intracellular traffic and the sorting of proteins, the
extracellular matrix, muscle and the cytoskeleton, plasma proteins and
immunoglobulins, and the biochemistry of red cells and of white cells. Section
XI includes hemostasis and thrombosis, an overview of cancer, the biochemistry
of aging, and a selection of case histories.
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